Drivers impact all financial aspects of a business: revenues, expenses, and capital costs. In identifying what the main drivers are, it’s important to do a root cause type of analysis. Start by looking at the company’s financial statements, and ask the question, “What drives this line item?”. The term business driver has largely become a management buzzword to refer to any important part of a business. The business drivers for a software company might be superior products, technological innovation, excellent marketing and ongoing customer support. Company Profiles VS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY(HONGKONG) LTD is a Hi-tech manufacturer of liquid crystal displayer.It is establishiment in 1998.The headquarters is located in Shenzhen. The products include LCD Panel of TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, CSTN; LCM of COB, COG, TAB, COF; We has supplied one-stop service from OEM, ODM product to after service. A driver with a blood alcohol level of 0.10% is 7 times more likely to be involved in a fatal motor vehicle crash A driver with a blood alcohol level of 0.15% is 25 times more likely to be involved in a fatal motor vehicle crash A driver is 3.6 times more likely to get into an accident when eating while driving. One of the most frequent questions we’re asked by trucker, concerns the owner operator vs company driver dilemma. Drivers ask “Which is better, working at a company driving job or becoming an owner operator? The driving and knowledge skill set is the same for each job.

A pile driver is a device used to drive piles into soil to provide foundation support for buildings or other structures. The term is also used in reference to members of the construction crew that work with pile-driving rigs.

One type of pile driver uses a weight placed between guides so that it can slide vertically. It is placed above a pile. The weight is raised, which may involve the use of hydraulics, steam, diesel, or manual labour. When the weight reaches its highest point it is released, and hits the pile, driving it into the ground.

History[edit]

Roman pile driver (replica) used at the construction of Caesar's Rhine bridges (55 BC)

18th-century Pile driver, from Abhandlung vom Wasserbau an Strömen, 1769

There are a number of claims to the invention of the pile driver. A mechanically sound drawing of a pile driver appeared as early as 1475 in Francesco di Giorgio Martini's treatise Trattato di Architectura.^[1] Also, several other prominent inventors — James Nasmyth (son of Alexander Nasmyth), who invented a steam-powered pile driver in 1845,^[2] watchmaker James Valoué,^[3]Count Giovan Battista Gazzola,^[4] and Leonardo da Vinci^[5] — have all been credited with inventing the device. However, there is evidence that a comparable device was used in the construction of Crannogs at Oakbank and Loch Tay in Scotland as early as 5000 years ago.^[6] In 1801 John Rennie came up with a steam piledriver in Britain.^[7]Otis Tufts is credited with inventing the steam pile driver in the United States.^[8]

Pile driving crew at Knox Bay, West Thurow Island in 1917

Pile drivers

Types[edit]

Ancient pile driving equipment used human or animal labor to lift weights, usually by means of pulleys, then dropping the weight onto the upper end of the pile. Modern piledriving equipment uses various methods to raise the weight and guide the pile.

Diesel hammer[edit]

A modern diesel pile hammer is a large two-stroke diesel engine. The weight is the piston, and the apparatus which connects to the top of the pile is the cylinder. Piledriving is started by raising the weight; usually a cable from the crane holding the pile driver — This draws air into the cylinder. Diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder. The weight is dropped, using a quick-release. The weight of the piston compresses the air/fuel mixture, heating it to the ignition point of diesel fuel. The mixture ignites, transferring the energy of the falling weight to the pile head, and driving the weight up. The rising weight draws in fresh air, and the cycle continues until the fuel is depleted or is halted by the crew.

From an army manual on pile driving hammers:The initial start-up of the hammer requires that the piston (ram) be raised to a point where the trip automatically releases the piston, allowing it to fall. As the piston falls, it activates the fuel pump, which discharges a metered amount of fuel into the ball pan of the impact block. The falling piston blocks the exhaust ports, and compression of fuel trapped in the cylinder begins. The compressed air exerts a pre-load force to hold the impact block firmly against the drive cap and pile. At the bottom of the compression stroke, the piston strikes the impact block, atomizing the fuel and starting the pile on its downward movement. In the instant after the piston strikes, the atomized fuel ignites, and the resulting explosion exerts a greater force on the already moving pile, driving it further into the ground. The reaction of the explosion rebounding from the resistance of the pile drives the piston upward. As the piston rises, the exhaust ports open, releasing the exhaust gases to the atmosphere. After the piston stops its upward movement, it again falls by gravity to start another cycle.

Vertical travel lead systems[edit]

Berminghammer vertical travel leads in use

Vertical travel leads come in two main forms: spud and box lead types. Box leads are very common in the Southern United States and spud leads are common in the Northern United States, Canada and Europe.

Hydraulic hammer[edit]

A hydraulic hammer is a modern type of piling hammer used instead of diesel and air hammers for driving steel pipe, precast concrete, and timber piles. Hydraulic hammers are more environmentally acceptable than older, less efficient hammers as they generate less noise and pollutants. In many cases the dominant noise is caused by the impact of the hammer on the pile, or the impacts between components of the hammer, so that the resulting noise level can be similar to diesel hammers.

Hydraulic press-in[edit]

A steel sheet pile being hydraulically pressed

Zodiac 4-stroke Engine powered Post Driver

Hydraulic press-in equipment installs piles using hydraulic rams to press piles into the ground. This system is preferred where vibration is a concern. There are press attachments that can adapt to conventional pile driving rigs to press 2 pairs of sheet piles simultaneously. Other types of press equipment sit atop existing sheet piles and grip previously driven piles. This system allows for greater press-in and extraction force to be used since more reaction force is developed. The reaction-based machines operate at only 69 dB at 23 ft allowing for installation and extraction of piles in close proximity to sensitive areas where traditional methods may threaten the stability of existing structures.

Vs Company Driver